The DBMS must implement separation of duties through assigned information access authorizations.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-61809	O121-C3-003300	SV-76299r3_rule		Low

Description
Separation of duties is a prevalent Information Technology control that is implemented at different layers of the information system, including the operating system and in applications. It serves to eliminate or reduce the possibility that a single user may carry out a prohibited action. Separation of duties requires that the person accountable for approving an action is not the same person who is tasked with implementing or carrying out that action. Additionally, the person or entity accountable for monitoring the activity must be separate as well. To meet this requirement, applications, when applicable, shall be divided where functionality is based on roles and duties. Examples of separation of duties include: (i) mission functions and distinct information system support functions are divided among different individuals/roles; (ii) different individuals perform information system support functions (e.g., system management, systems programming, configuration management, quality assurance and testing, network security); (iii) security personnel who administer access control functions do not administer audit functions; and (iv) different administrator accounts for different roles. Privileges granted outside the context of the application user job function are more likely to go unmanaged or without oversight for authorization. Maintenance of privileges using roles defined for discrete job functions offers improved oversight of application user privilege assignments and helps to protect against unauthorized privilege assignment.

Description

Separation of duties is a prevalent Information Technology control that is implemented at different layers of the information system, including the operating system and in applications. It serves to eliminate or reduce the possibility that a single user may carry out a prohibited action. Separation of duties requires that the person accountable for approving an action is not the same person who is tasked with implementing or carrying out that action. Additionally, the person or entity accountable for monitoring the activity must be separate as well. To meet this requirement, applications, when applicable, shall be divided where functionality is based on roles and duties. Examples of separation of duties include: (i) mission functions and distinct information system support functions are divided among different individuals/roles; (ii) different individuals perform information system support functions (e.g., system management, systems programming, configuration management, quality assurance and testing, network security); (iii) security personnel who administer access control functions do not administer audit functions; and (iv) different administrator accounts for different roles. Privileges granted outside the context of the application user job function are more likely to go unmanaged or without oversight for authorization. Maintenance of privileges using roles defined for discrete job functions offers improved oversight of application user privilege assignments and helps to protect against unauthorized privilege assignment.

STIG	Date
Oracle Database 12c Security Technical Implementation Guide	2018-01-03

Details

Check Text ( C-62687r4_chk )
Obtain a list of privileges assigned to the DBMS user accounts. If any direct privilege assignments exist that can be assigned to a role, this is a finding. SELECT 'User ' \|\| grantee \|\| ' is directly granted ' \|\| privilege \|\| ' privilege on ' \|\| table_name value FROM dba_tab_privs WHERE grantee NOT IN (SELECT role FROM dba_roles) AND grantee NOT IN ( 'XDB', 'SYSTEM', 'SYS', 'LBACSYS', 'DVSYS', 'DVF', 'SYSMAN_RO', 'SYSMAN_BIPLATFORM', 'SYSMAN_MDS', 'SYSMAN_OPSS', 'SYSMAN_STB', 'PUBLIC', 'DBSNMP', 'SYSMAN', 'APEX_040200', 'WMSYS', 'SYSDG', 'SYSBACKUP', 'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR', 'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_US', 'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'OUTLN', 'ORDSYS', 'ORDDATA', 'OJVMSYS', 'ORACLE_OCM', 'MDSYS', 'ORDPLUGINS', 'GSMADMIN_INTERNAL', 'FLOWS_FILES', 'DIP', 'CTXSYS', 'AUDSYS', 'APPQOSSYS', 'APEX_PUBLIC_USER', 'ANONYMOUS', 'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR', 'SYSKM', 'SYSMAN_TYPES', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'EUS_ENGINE_USER', 'GSMCATUSER', 'OLAPSYS', 'CLOUD_SWLIB_USER', 'GSMUSER', 'MDDATA', 'XS$NULL', 'CLOUD_ENGINE_USER' ) UNION SELECT 'User ' \|\| grantee \|\| ' is directly granted ' \|\| privilege \|\| ' privilege ' value FROM dba_sys_privs WHERE grantee NOT IN (SELECT role FROM dba_roles) AND privilege NOT IN ( 'CREATE SEQUENCE', 'CREATE TRIGGER', 'CREATE CLUSTER', 'CREATE INDEXTYPE', 'CREATE PROCEDURE', 'CREATE TYPE', 'CREATE SESSION', 'CREATE OPERATOR', 'CREATE TABLE', 'UNLIMITED TABLESPACE' ) AND grantee NOT IN ( 'XDB', 'SYSTEM', 'SYS', 'LBACSYS', 'DVSYS', 'DVF', 'SYSMAN_RO', 'SYSMAN_BIPLATFORM', 'SYSMAN_MDS', 'SYSMAN_OPSS', 'SYSMAN_STB', 'PUBLIC', 'DBSNMP', 'SYSMAN', 'APEX_040200', 'WMSYS', 'SYSDG', 'SYSBACKUP', 'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR', 'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_US', 'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'OUTLN', 'ORDSYS', 'ORDDATA', 'OJVMSYS', 'ORACLE_OCM', 'MDSYS', 'ORDPLUGINS', 'GSMADMIN_INTERNAL', 'FLOWS_FILES', 'DIP', 'CTXSYS', 'AUDSYS', 'APPQOSSYS', 'APEX_PUBLIC_USER', 'ANONYMOUS', 'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR', 'SYSKM', 'SYSMAN_TYPES', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'EUS_ENGINE_USER', 'GSMCATUSER', 'OLAPSYS', 'CLOUD_SWLIB_USER', 'GSMUSER', 'MDDATA', 'XS$NULL', 'CLOUD_ENGINE_USER' ) UNION SELECT 'User ' \|\| username \|\| ' is granted ' \|\| privilege \|\| ' privilege via role ' \|\| rp.granted_role value FROM dba_users u, dba_role_privs rp, dba_sys_privs sp WHERE username = rp.grantee AND rp.granted_role = sp.grantee AND privilege NOT IN ( 'CREATE SEQUENCE', 'CREATE TRIGGER', 'SET CONTAINER', 'CREATE CLUSTER', 'CREATE PROCEDURE', 'CREATE TYPE', 'CREATE SESSION', 'CREATE OPERATOR', 'CREATE TABLE', 'CREATE INDEXTYPE' ) AND username NOT IN ( 'XDB', 'SYSTEM', 'SYS', 'LBACSYS', 'DVSYS', 'DVF', 'SYSMAN_RO', 'SYSMAN_BIPLATFORM', 'SYSMAN_MDS', 'SYSMAN_OPSS', 'SYSMAN_STB', 'DBSNMP', 'SYSMAN', 'APEX_040200', 'WMSYS', 'SYSDG', 'SYSBACKUP', 'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR', 'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_US','GSMCATUSER', 'OLAPSYS', 'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'OUTLN', 'ORDSYS', 'ORDDATA', 'OJVMSYS', 'ORACLE_OCM', 'MDSYS', 'ORDPLUGINS', 'GSMADMIN_INTERNAL', 'MDDATA', 'FLOWS_FILES', 'DIP', 'CTXSYS', 'AUDSYS', 'APPQOSSYS', 'APEX_PUBLIC_USER', 'ANONYMOUS', 'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR','SYSKM', 'SYSMAN_TYPES', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'EUS_ENGINE_USER', 'EXFSYS','SYSMAN_APM' ) AND rp.granted_role NOT IN ( 'EXP_FULL_DATABASE','AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE','DV_REALM_RESOURCE', 'DBA','CDB_DBA','OEM_ADVISOR','RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER', 'EM_EXPRESS_ALL','SCHEDULER_ADMIN','OLAP_USER', 'RESOURCE','EM_EXPRESS_BASIC','IMP_FULL_DATABASE','CONNECT', 'AUDIT_ADMIN','DATAPUMP_EXP_FULL_DATABASE','GSMADMIN_ROLE', 'DV_REALM_OWNER','OLAP_DBA','JAVADEBUGPRIV', 'DATAPUMP_IMP_FULL_DATABASE','OEM_MONITOR', 'APEX_GRANTS_FOR_NEW_USERS_ROLE' ) UNION SELECT 'User ' \|\|grantee \|\|' is granted ' \|\|privilege \|\|' on ' \|\|owner \|\|'.' \|\|table_name \|\|'.' \|\|column_name \|\|' by ' \|\|grantor FROM dba_col_privs WHERE grantee NOT IN ( 'XDB', 'SYSTEM', 'SYS', 'LBACSYS', 'DVSYS', 'DVF', 'SYSMAN_RO', 'SYSMAN_BIPLATFORM', 'SYSMAN_MDS', 'SYSMAN_OPSS', 'SYSMAN_STB', 'DBSNMP', 'SYSMAN', 'APEX_040200', 'WMSYS', 'SYSDG', 'SYSBACKUP', 'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR', 'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_US','GSMCATUSER', 'OLAPSYS', 'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'OUTLN', 'ORDSYS', 'ORDDATA', 'OJVMSYS', 'ORACLE_OCM', 'MDSYS', 'ORDPLUGINS', 'GSMADMIN_INTERNAL', 'MDDATA', 'FLOWS_FILES', 'IMP_FULL_DATABASE', 'DIP', 'CTXSYS', 'AUDSYS', 'APPQOSSYS', 'APEX_PUBLIC_USER', 'ANONYMOUS', 'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR','SYSKM', 'SYSMAN_TYPES', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'EUS_ENGINE_USER', 'EXFSYS','SYSMAN_APM' ) ; (The lists of special accounts that are excluded from this requirement may not be complete. It is expected that the DBA will edit the lists to suit local circumstances, adding other special accounts as necessary, and removing any that are not supposed to be in use in the Oracle deployment that is under review. Similarly, the lists of privileges and roles excluded from the subqueries may be modified according to circumstances.)

Check Text ( C-62687r4_chk )

Obtain a list of privileges assigned to the DBMS user accounts. If any direct privilege assignments exist that can be assigned to a role, this is a finding.

SELECT
'User '
|| grantee
|| ' is directly granted '
|| privilege
|| ' privilege on '
|| table_name value
FROM dba_tab_privs
WHERE grantee NOT IN (SELECT role FROM dba_roles)
AND grantee NOT IN
(
'XDB', 'SYSTEM', 'SYS', 'LBACSYS',
'DVSYS', 'DVF', 'SYSMAN_RO', 'SYSMAN_BIPLATFORM',
'SYSMAN_MDS', 'SYSMAN_OPSS', 'SYSMAN_STB', 'PUBLIC',
'DBSNMP', 'SYSMAN', 'APEX_040200', 'WMSYS',
'SYSDG', 'SYSBACKUP', 'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR',
'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_US',
'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'OUTLN', 'ORDSYS', 'ORDDATA',
'OJVMSYS', 'ORACLE_OCM', 'MDSYS', 'ORDPLUGINS',
'GSMADMIN_INTERNAL', 'FLOWS_FILES', 'DIP', 'CTXSYS',
'AUDSYS', 'APPQOSSYS', 'APEX_PUBLIC_USER', 'ANONYMOUS',
'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR', 'SYSKM', 'SYSMAN_TYPES',
'MGMT_VIEW', 'EUS_ENGINE_USER', 'GSMCATUSER', 'OLAPSYS',
'CLOUD_SWLIB_USER', 'GSMUSER', 'MDDATA', 'XS$NULL', 'CLOUD_ENGINE_USER'
)
UNION
SELECT
'User '
|| grantee
|| ' is directly granted '
|| privilege
|| ' privilege ' value
FROM dba_sys_privs
WHERE grantee NOT IN (SELECT role FROM dba_roles)
AND privilege NOT IN
(
'CREATE SEQUENCE',
'CREATE TRIGGER',
'CREATE CLUSTER',
'CREATE INDEXTYPE',
'CREATE PROCEDURE',
'CREATE TYPE',
'CREATE SESSION',
'CREATE OPERATOR',
'CREATE TABLE',
'UNLIMITED TABLESPACE' )
AND grantee NOT IN
(
'XDB', 'SYSTEM', 'SYS', 'LBACSYS',
'DVSYS', 'DVF', 'SYSMAN_RO', 'SYSMAN_BIPLATFORM',
'SYSMAN_MDS', 'SYSMAN_OPSS', 'SYSMAN_STB', 'PUBLIC',
'DBSNMP', 'SYSMAN', 'APEX_040200', 'WMSYS',
'SYSDG', 'SYSBACKUP', 'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR',
'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_US',
'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'OUTLN', 'ORDSYS', 'ORDDATA',
'OJVMSYS', 'ORACLE_OCM', 'MDSYS', 'ORDPLUGINS',
'GSMADMIN_INTERNAL', 'FLOWS_FILES', 'DIP', 'CTXSYS',
'AUDSYS', 'APPQOSSYS', 'APEX_PUBLIC_USER', 'ANONYMOUS',
'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR', 'SYSKM', 'SYSMAN_TYPES',
'MGMT_VIEW', 'EUS_ENGINE_USER', 'GSMCATUSER', 'OLAPSYS',
'CLOUD_SWLIB_USER',
'GSMUSER', 'MDDATA', 'XS$NULL', 'CLOUD_ENGINE_USER'
)
UNION
SELECT
'User '
|| username
|| ' is granted '
|| privilege
|| ' privilege via role '
|| rp.granted_role value
FROM dba_users u,
dba_role_privs rp,
dba_sys_privs sp
WHERE username = rp.grantee
AND rp.granted_role = sp.grantee
AND privilege NOT IN
(
'CREATE SEQUENCE',
'CREATE TRIGGER',
'SET CONTAINER',
'CREATE CLUSTER',
'CREATE PROCEDURE',
'CREATE TYPE',
'CREATE SESSION',
'CREATE OPERATOR',
'CREATE TABLE',
'CREATE INDEXTYPE'
)
AND username NOT IN
(
'XDB', 'SYSTEM', 'SYS', 'LBACSYS',
'DVSYS', 'DVF', 'SYSMAN_RO', 'SYSMAN_BIPLATFORM',
'SYSMAN_MDS', 'SYSMAN_OPSS', 'SYSMAN_STB', 'DBSNMP',
'SYSMAN', 'APEX_040200', 'WMSYS', 'SYSDG',
'SYSBACKUP', 'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR',
'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_US','GSMCATUSER',
'OLAPSYS', 'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'OUTLN', 'ORDSYS',
'ORDDATA', 'OJVMSYS', 'ORACLE_OCM', 'MDSYS',
'ORDPLUGINS', 'GSMADMIN_INTERNAL', 'MDDATA',
'FLOWS_FILES', 'DIP', 'CTXSYS', 'AUDSYS', 'APPQOSSYS',
'APEX_PUBLIC_USER', 'ANONYMOUS',
'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR','SYSKM',
'SYSMAN_TYPES', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'EUS_ENGINE_USER',
'EXFSYS','SYSMAN_APM' )
AND rp.granted_role NOT IN
(
'EXP_FULL_DATABASE','AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE','DV_REALM_RESOURCE',
'DBA','CDB_DBA','OEM_ADVISOR','RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER',
'EM_EXPRESS_ALL','SCHEDULER_ADMIN','OLAP_USER',
'RESOURCE','EM_EXPRESS_BASIC','IMP_FULL_DATABASE','CONNECT',
'AUDIT_ADMIN','DATAPUMP_EXP_FULL_DATABASE','GSMADMIN_ROLE',
'DV_REALM_OWNER','OLAP_DBA','JAVADEBUGPRIV',
'DATAPUMP_IMP_FULL_DATABASE','OEM_MONITOR',
'APEX_GRANTS_FOR_NEW_USERS_ROLE'
)
UNION
SELECT
'User '
||grantee
||' is granted '
||privilege
||' on '
||owner
||'.'
||table_name
||'.'
||column_name
||' by '
||grantor
FROM dba_col_privs
WHERE grantee NOT IN
(
'XDB', 'SYSTEM', 'SYS', 'LBACSYS',
'DVSYS', 'DVF', 'SYSMAN_RO', 'SYSMAN_BIPLATFORM',
'SYSMAN_MDS', 'SYSMAN_OPSS', 'SYSMAN_STB', 'DBSNMP',
'SYSMAN', 'APEX_040200', 'WMSYS', 'SYSDG',
'SYSBACKUP', 'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR',
'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_US','GSMCATUSER',
'OLAPSYS', 'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA', 'OUTLN', 'ORDSYS',
'ORDDATA', 'OJVMSYS', 'ORACLE_OCM', 'MDSYS',
'ORDPLUGINS', 'GSMADMIN_INTERNAL', 'MDDATA',
'FLOWS_FILES', 'IMP_FULL_DATABASE',
'DIP', 'CTXSYS', 'AUDSYS', 'APPQOSSYS',
'APEX_PUBLIC_USER', 'ANONYMOUS',
'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR','SYSKM',
'SYSMAN_TYPES', 'MGMT_VIEW', 'EUS_ENGINE_USER',
'EXFSYS','SYSMAN_APM'
)
;

(The lists of special accounts that are excluded from this requirement may not be complete. It is expected that the DBA will edit the lists to suit local circumstances, adding other special accounts as necessary, and removing any that are not supposed to be in use in the Oracle deployment that is under review. Similarly, the lists of privileges and roles excluded from the subqueries may be modified according to circumstances.)

Fix Text (F-67725r1_fix)
Define DBMS user roles based on privilege and job function requirements. Assign the required privileges to the role, and assign the role to authorized DBMS user accounts. Revoke any privileges directly assigned to DBMS user accounts, and assign them to a role the DBMS user already has assigned.